豊田 正範

領域名  食料生産学

教員氏名   豊田 正範

研究分野 作物生態生理学 

研究キーワード:作物,収量形成,生態生理,光質,節水,多収

最近の研究課題

1.避陰反応抑制によるコムギの収量ポテンシャル向上の可能性検証

 フィトクロムによる光質に対する植物の応答に,頂芽優勢の増強と腋芽の生育抑制をもたらす避陰反応が知られる.コムギにおいても群落内の光環境が避陰反応による分げつの制御を通じて単位面積あたりの穂数の決定に影響していると考えられる.本研究室では,圃場条件下においてLED光源や特定波長をカットするフィルムを用いて赤色光/遠赤色光比を操作し,コムギ分げつの出現パターンや収量への影響を調査している.これらの試験を通じて,避陰反応の抑制による収量ポテンシャル増大の可能性の検証に取り組んでいる.

2.点滴かんがいによるイネの節水栽培と温室効果ガス排出削減効果

 乾燥地での節水栽培技術として発達してきた点滴かんがいは,海外ではイネ栽培にも広く普及しつつある.国内でのイネ生産は水田での湛水栽培が基本であるが,点滴かんがいを用いてイネを畑地状態で栽培することでどの程度の節水が可能であるか明らかにすることは水資源の有効利用の観点から重要である.さらに,湛水した水田からはメタン,亜酸化窒素等の温室効果ガスが発生するが,畑地状態の栽培ではこれら温室効果ガス排出の削減効果が期待できる.本研究では,点滴かんがいを利用したイネ栽培における収量と品質,節水効果および温室効果ガス排出削減効果の検討を行う.

3.ダイズの多収化を目指す生態生理的研究

 日本のダイズの収量は,ダイズ栽培先進国の約半分である160kg/l0a程度で長いあいだ停滞している.本研究はダイズ多収化に向けた遺伝的改良と栽培技術改善のため,群落の受光態勢と日射利用効率の最適化を目指すほか,土壌水分等の栽培環境を可能む限り好適に制御した場合のダイズ収量ポテンシャルの上限を明らかにしたいと考えている.

代表的な研究業績

Laaorthip, M. and Toyota, M. (2017) A high seed yield and associated attributes of dry matter production achieved by recent   

Japanese soybean cultivars, Plant Production Science, 20(2), 193-204.

Toyota, M., et al. (2017) Changes in radiation interception and R:FR over time and with canopy depth of two soybean cultivars with different branching characteristics. Plant Production Science, 20(2), 205-214.

Toyota, M., et al. (2014) Tillering responses to high Red: Far-red ratio of four Japanese wheat cultivars. Plant Production Science 17, 124-130.

Toyota, M., et al. (2010) Effects of reduction in plant height induced by chlormequat on radiation interception and radiation-use efficiency in wheat in southwest Japan. Plant Production Science 13, 67-73.

Toyota, M., et al. (2001) Initiation and development of spikelets and florets in wheat as influenced by shading and nitrogen supply at the spikelet phase. Plant Production Science 4, 283-290.

Research Area: Food Production 
Research Specialization: Crop Ecophysiology 
Name: TOYOTA, Masanori

Keywords: Crop ecophysiology, Field crop, High yielding, Light quality
                   Water-saving culture, Yield determination.

Recent Research

1. Controlling shade avoidance response as an avenue to increase potential crop yield

 A lowered ratio of red and far-red irradiance (R:FR) is a warning signal for future competition, triggering plant morphogenic responses for shade avoidance, seen as increased apical dominance and reduced axillary bud growth. The growth and survival of tillers in wheat controlled by R:FR determines the final number of spike which is a major component of wheat yield. This study tests the hypothesis whether the reducing shade avoidance response increase the number of tiller in wheat or branch in soybean, and therefore increase yield potential.

2. Rice cultivation with drip irrigation for water-saving and greenhouse gas mitigation

 Drip irrigation system, which has been developed for water-saving in arid land agriculture, is now applied to large-scale upland rice cultivation in some countries. In this study, drip rice cultivation in upland field is performed to estimate how much water could be saved compared to paddy, and to evaluate the emission reduction of methane: because paddy rice is one of the major source of methane emission in agriculture.

3. Ecophysiologicalapproaches to maximize potential yield of Japanese soybean

 Japanese soybean yield (1.6 t/ha) is only half of that in advanced cultivation country. This study aimed to optimize light interception and radiation use efficiency in soybean canopy using different cultivars or environment to improve cultivar and cultivation technologies, and to maximize potential yield of Japanese soybean.

Publications

Toyota, M., et al. (2017) Changes in radiation interception and R:FR over time and with canopy depth of two soybean cultivars with different branching characteristics. Plant Production Science, 20(2), 205-214.

Laaorthip, M. and Toyota, M. (2017) A high seed yield and associated attributes of dry matter production achieved by recent Japanese soybean cultivars, Plant Production Science, 20(2), 193-204.

Toyota, M., et al. (2014) Tillering responses to high Red: Far-red ratio of four Japanese wheat cultivars. Plant Production Science 17, 124-130.

Toyota, M., et al. (2010) Effects of reduction in plant height induced by chlormequat on radiation interception and radiation-use efficiency in wheat in southwest Japan. Plant Production Science 13, 67-73.

Toyota, M., et al. (2001) Initiation and development of spikelets and florets in wheat as influenced by shading and nitrogen supply at the spikelet phase. Plant Production Science 4, 283-290.

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